Iphaneli yelanga iyithuluzi eliguqula imisebe yelanga ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ibe amandla kagesi ngomphumela wesithombe sikagesi noma umphumela we-photochemical ngokumunca ukukhanya kwelanga.Izinto eziyinhloko zama-solar panel amaningi "i-silicon".Yinkulu kangangokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi kusenemikhawulo ethile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri ajwayelekile namabhethri aphinde ashajwe, amaseli elanga ayonga kakhulu futhi ayimikhiqizo eluhlaza ehambisana nemvelo.
Iseli yelanga iyisisetshenziswa esisabela ekukhanyeni futhi siguqule amandla okukhanya abe ugesi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezingakhiqiza umphumela we-photovoltaic, njenge: i-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-silicon ye-polycrystalline, i-silicon ye-amorphous, i-gallium arsenide, i-indium copper selenide, njll. ngokuthatha i-crystalline silicon njengesibonelo.I-silicon ye-crystalline yohlobo lwe-P ingafakwa nge-phosphorus ukuze ithole i-silicon yohlobo lwe-N ukuze yakhe ukuhlangana kwe-PN.
Lapho ukukhanya kushaya indawo yeseli yelanga, ingxenye yama-photons imuncwa izinto ze-silicon;amandla ama-photon adluliselwa kuma-athomu e-silicon, okwenza ama-electron aguquke futhi abe ama-electron amahhala aqoqana ezinhlangothini zombili ze-PN junction ukuze enze umehluko ongaba khona, lapho isifunda sangaphandle sivuliwe , Ngaphansi kwesenzo sale voltage. , i-current izogeleza kumjikelezo wangaphandle ukuze ikhiqize amandla athile okukhipha.Ingqikithi yale nqubo: inqubo yokuguqula amandla e-photon abe amandla kagesi.
1. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuphehla amandla elanga, enye iyindlela yokuguqula ugesi wokukhanya oshisayo, kanti enye iyindlela yokuguqula ngokuqondile ugesi wokukhanya.
(1) Indlela yokuguqula i-light-heat-electric ikhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa amandla ashisayo akhiqizwa imisebe yelanga.Ngokuvamile, umqoqi welanga uguqula amandla ashisayo amuncwe abe yisitimu sendawo yokusebenza, bese eshayela i-turbine yesitimu ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.Inqubo yangaphambili iyinqubo yokuguqula ukukhanya okushisayo;inqubo yokugcina iyinqubo yokuguqula i-thermal-electrical, efana nokukhiqiza amandla ashisayo ajwayelekile.Izitshalo zamandla ashisayo elanga zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi imboni yazo isesigabeni sokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanje kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Isiteshi sikagesi esishisayo selanga esingu-1000MW sidinga ukutshala imali eyizigidigidi ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-2.5 zamadola aseMelika, kanti isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali esingu-1kW singu-2000 kuya ku-2500 wamadola aseMelika.Ngakho-ke, ilungele izikhathi ezikhethekile ezincane, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu kungenawo umnotho futhi akukwazi ukuncintisana nezitshalo zamandla ashisayo ezivamile noma izimboni zamandla enuzi.
(2) Indlela yokuguqula ngokuqondile ukukhanya kuya kugesi Le ndlela isebenzisa umphumela we-photoelectric ukuguqula ngokuqondile amandla emisebe yelanga ibe amandla kagesi.Idivayisi eyisisekelo yokuguqula ukukhanya ukuya kugesi amaseli elanga.Iseli yelanga iyithuluzi eliguqula ngokuqondile amandla okukhanya kwelanga libe amandla kagesi ngenxa yomphumela we-photovoltaic.Kuyinto photodiode semiconductor.Lapho ilanga likhanya ku-photodiode, i-photodiode izoguqula amandla okukhanya kwelanga abe amandla kagesi futhi ikhiqize ugesi.okwamanje.Uma amaseli amaningi exhunywe ngochungechunge noma ngokuhambisana, angaba iseli yelanga enamandla amakhulu okukhiphayo.Amaseli elanga awuhlobo olusha oluthembisayo lomthombo wamandla onezinzuzo ezintathu ezinkulu: ukuhlala unomphela, ukuhlanzeka nokuvumelana nezimo.Amaseli elanga anokuphila ende.Uma nje ilanga likhona, amaseli elanga angasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngokutshalwa kwezimali okukodwa;namandla ashisayo, ukukhiqiza amandla enuzi.Ngokuphambene, amaseli elanga awabangeli ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;amaseli elanga angaba makhulu, aphakathi nendawo namancane, kusukela esiteshini samandla esiphakathi nendawo esingama-kilowatts ayisigidi kuya ephaketheni elincane lebhethri lelanga lendlu eyodwa kuphela, elingenakuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-08-2023